EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE VALUE OF THE RESIDUAL

Abstract

The article is devoted to one of the most urgent and practically significant issues of the modern automotive market — the assessment of the market value of electric vehicles. While the methodology for evaluating internal combustion engine vehicles is well-established and unified across countries, the valuation of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) remains at the stage of methodological development. The key challenge is to adequately account for the residual capacity of the traction battery, which in modern BEVs can account for up to 40% of the total vehicle cost. The authors, based on the analysis of international experience (the German approach of Deutsche Automobil Treuhand GmbH and the methodology of Chinese researchers from Sichuan University), developed and proposed a universal method for the evaluation of BEVs. The essence of the method lies in determining the residual resource of the traction battery through the comparison of its actual state of health (SoH) with normative values and further calculation of the residual value of the battery as a separate component of the electric vehicle. The methodology includes: (1) definition and measurement of SoH using diagnostic methods and DEKRA quick tests; (2) development of formulas for normative SoH depending on mileage and warranty parameters; (3) practical verification on the basis of Tesla Model 3 and Renault ZOE vehicles, including comparison of actual and calculated SoH values; (4) substantiation of the effect of battery degradation factors such as charging regime, operating conditions, and annual mileage. The authors demonstrate how the difference between actual and normative SoH directly influences the residual market value of BEVs. For example, the calculation shows that two vehicles of the same year of manufacture with identical mileage may significantly differ in value due to different battery conditions. The study proves that the proposed method is not only theoretically sound but also practically applicable to real market cases. The paper emphasizes that while battery degradation models require further verification on a wide sample of vehicles, the method already provides a transparent and unified approach to valuation of BEVs for forensic experts, appraisers, insurers, and market participants. It is concluded that the methodology can serve as a basis for the development of Ukrainian standards for the valuation of electric vehicles and may be further adapted with the introduction of solid-state battery technologies in the future.