HANDWRITING EXAMINATION WITH SIGNS OF DYSGRAPHIA IN FORENSIC HANDWRITING ANALYSIS

Abstract

The article examines the specific features of handwriting in individuals with dysgraphia within the context of forensic handwriting examination. The influence of linguistic, psychological, neuropsychological, and psychopathological factors on the formation of handwritten text and its written (graphic) characteristics is analyzed in detail. It has been established that dysgraphia is a complex, multifactorial disorder of written language activity, which develops as a result of linguistic, cognitive, motor, and psychological mechanisms and significantly affects the structure, and long-term stability of handwriting features. The main difficulties in forensic examination of handwritten texts produced by individuals with dysgraphia are identified, including high variability of handwriting patterns, instability and inconsistency of individual features, and the absence of universally accepted standardized methods for evaluation. These factors collectively complicate the process of individual identification and reduce the reliability of traditional comparative handwriting analysis techniques. Special attention is paid to the linguistic mechanisms underlying dysgraphia, particularly phoneticphonemic processing deficits, morphological and syntactic impairments, and difficulties in lexical organization. Psychological and neurocognitive aspects are also considered, including deficits in visuospatial perception, impaired motor programming, reduced automatization of writing movements, and disrupted intersensory integration, which together contribute to the instability of written output. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach is substantiated, integrating forensic handwriting analysis, linguistics, psychology, neuropsychology, and educational science. The development of adaptive and flexible methods for forensic handwriting examination is proposed, taking into account the specific characteristics of writing in individuals with developmental disorders.