POLISH INSIGHTS INTO FORENSIC TECHNOLOGY: THE ROLE OF 3D SCANNERS IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/forensic.science.2025.1.5Keywords:
3D scanning, forensic science, crime scene reconstruction, war crimes, evidence preservationAbstract
The integration of 3D scanning technology has transformed crime scene investigations by improving efficiency, precision, and safety in evidence documentation. This paper explores the application of 3D scanners in forensic science and international criminal justice, with a focus on their technical capabilities, benefits, and challenges. Drawing from the experiences of the Polish Police and their collaboration with Ukrainian investigators documenting war crimes, it highlights the critical importance of these devices. Initially used for traffic accidents, 3D scanners are now applied to complex cases such as homicides, disaster sites, and missile strikes. Using laser beams or structured light, 3D scanners create 360-degree digital reconstructions with a precision of up to 0.1 millimeters. These devices allow investigators to document complex details like blood spatter and structural damage, even in challenging conditions or total darkness. The tamper-proof digital outputs they generate enhance forensic analysis and courtroom presentations. Polish case studies illustrate their effectiveness in scenarios such as building collapses and remote crime scenes, while Ukrainian examples demonstrate their utility in conflict zones, where safety risks and extensive destruction complicate investigations. Despite their many benefits, 3D scanners face challenges, including sensitivity to adverse weather, high costs, and the need for skilled operators. Combining forensic literature and expert insights, this study emphasizes the transformative role of 3D scanners in advancing modern forensic practices and international justice.
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